{"id":1148,"date":"2025-08-01T12:58:29","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T10:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/termopares-la-ciencia-de-la-termometria\/"},"modified":"2026-02-09T14:37:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T13:37:32","slug":"termopares-la-ciencia-de-la-termometria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/termopares-la-ciencia-de-la-termometria\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un termopar y c\u00f3mo funciona?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1148\" class=\"elementor elementor-1148\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bd6ffd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bd6ffd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74711e7b\" data-id=\"74711e7b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7e6ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7e6ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES UN TERMOPAR?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b038d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b038d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los termopares consisten en dos hilos met\u00e1licos de diferentes materiales, unidos en un extremo. Esta uni\u00f3n constituye el punto de medici\u00f3n (junta caliente, hot junction). El otro extremo se llama junta fr\u00eda (cold junction).<\/p><p>El calentamiento de la junta de medici\u00f3n provoca una tensi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica, aproximadamente proporcional a la temperatura. (Efecto termoel\u00e9ctrico, efecto Seebeck). Esta tensi\u00f3n (fuerza electromotriz F.E.M.) se debe a dos factores: la densidad de electrodos diferentes de los dos materiales y de la diferencia de temperatura entre punto caliente y punto fr\u00edo.<\/p><p>Esto significa que un termopar no mide la temperatura absoluta sino la temperatura diferencial entre:<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1149 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/news_termopar2-300x94-1.jpg\" alt=\"news_termopar2\" width=\"300\" height=\"94\" \/><\/p><p>T1 junta caliente (hot junction)<br \/>T2 junta fr\u00eda (cold junction)<\/p><p>Dado que la medici\u00f3n de la tensi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica se suele realizar en temperatura ambiental, el valor de tensi\u00f3n indicar\u00eda un valor de temperatura demasiado bajo ya que se resta la temperatura ambiental. Para mantener el valor para la temperatura absoluta se aplica la \u201ccompensaci\u00f3n de la junta fr\u00eda\u201d.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1150 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/news_termopar1.jpg\" alt=\"news_termopar1\" width=\"195\" height=\"195\" \/>En el pasado (en algunos laboratorios de calibraci\u00f3n todav\u00eda hoy en d\u00eda), se efectuaba esta compensaci\u00f3n mediante la inmersi\u00f3n de la punta fr\u00eda en un ba\u00f1o con hielo.<\/p><p>En los instrumentos modernos con entrada de termopares (p.ej. transmisores, medidores port\u00e1tiles o instrumentos para montaje en panel etc. ) se incorpora una compensaci\u00f3n electr\u00f3nica de la junta fr\u00eda.<\/p><p>Cada metal tiene una electronegatividad espec\u00edfica. (Electronegatividad = tendencia de los \u00e1tomos de atraer o emitir los electrones)<\/p><p>Para alcanzar una m\u00e1xima tensi\u00f3n termal se aplican combinaciones espec\u00edficas de materiales para crear termopares con electronegatividades muy diferentes. Estas combinaciones de materiales tienen ciertas limitaciones \u2013 debidos por ejemplo a la temperatura m\u00e1xima de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Los siguientes normas definen los termopares:<\/p><ul><li>IEC 60584-1: Termopares: valores b\u00e1sicos de las tensiones t\u00e9rmicas<\/li><li>IEC 60584-2: Termopares: desviaciones l\u00edmite de las tensiones t\u00e9rmicas<\/li><li>IEC 60584-3: Termopares: Cables de termopar y cables de compensaci\u00f3n<\/li><\/ul><p>ASTM E230:<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/catalogoPDFs\/AreaTecnica\/Codigos_colores_Termopares.pdf\">Tablas con especificaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar y fuerza electromotriz (F.E.M.) para termopares normalizados.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7df099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7df099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00bfQUE TIPOS DE TERMOPARES HAY?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4976971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4976971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Los termopares est\u00e1n disponibles en diferentes combinaciones de metales o calibraciones para adaptarse a diferentes aplicaciones. Los tres m\u00e1s comunes son las calibraciones tipo J, K y T, de los cuales el termopar tipo K es el m\u00e1s popular debido a su amplio rango de temperaturas y bajo costo. El termopar tipo K tiene un conductor positivo de n\u00edquel-cromo y un conductor negativo de n\u00edquel-aluminio.<\/p><p>Existen calibraciones tipo R, S, B, G, C y D para alta temperatura que ofrecen un rendimiento de hasta 2320 \u00b0 C. Estos est\u00e1n hechos de metales preciosos (platino \/ rodio y tungsteno \/ renio) y por lo tanto son relativamente caros.<\/p><p>Cada calibraci\u00f3n tiene un rango de temperatura y un entorno de trabajo diferente. Aunque la calibraci\u00f3n del termopar dicta la gama de temperaturas, el alcance m\u00e1ximo tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 limitado por el di\u00e1metro del cable del termopar. Es decir, puede ser que un termopar muy delgado no logre alcanzar el rango de temperatura deseado.<\/p><p>Nuestra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/catalogo\/termopares-industriales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Gu\u00eda de temperaturas m\u00e1ximas para termopares<\/a> muestra las temperaturas m\u00e1ximas para cada tipo de termopar y di\u00e1metro de alambre. Esta gu\u00eda tambi\u00e9n proporciona los l\u00edmites superiores de temperatura para sondas de termopar con aislamiento mineral en di\u00e1metros comunes de vaina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad414b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ad414b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo elegir un tipo de termopar?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3537f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a3537f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/es.omega.com\/pptst\/TJ36-ICIN.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.srcsl.com\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/TJ36-CC_chb_m.jpg\" alt=\"Sonda termopar de uni\u00f3n de transici\u00f3n\" align=\"right\" \/><\/a> Debido a que los termopares miden en rangos de temperatura muy amplios y son relativamente resistentes, los termopares se utilizan muy a menudo en la industria. Los siguientes criterios son utilizados en la selecci\u00f3n de un termopar:<\/p><ul><li>Rango de temperatura<\/li><li>La resistencia qu\u00edmica del termopar o material de vaina<\/li><li>Resistencia de abrasi\u00f3n y vibraci\u00f3n<\/li><li>Requisitos de instalaci\u00f3n (es posible que tengan que ser compatibles con equipos existentes; los agujeros existentes pueden determinar el di\u00e1metro de la sonda)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a77ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a77ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cuadros de referencia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e5fd74 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e5fd74\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El termopar produce una salida de tensi\u00f3n que puede ser correlacionada con la temperatura que el termopar est\u00e1 midiendo. Los documentos en el cuadro siguiente proporcionan las tolerancias y la temperatura correspondiente a un tipo de termopar determinado. La mayor\u00eda de los documentos tambi\u00e9n proporcionan el intervalo de temperatura del termopar, los l\u00edmites de error y las condiciones ambientales.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cae30a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cae30a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3150ef\" data-id=\"b3150ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a024e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a024e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">\u00bfNECESITAS UN TERMOPAR A MEDIDA?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85cfe1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85cfe1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\">\u00a0ENVIANOS TU CONSULTA Y NUESTRO DEPARTAMENTO TECNICO SE PONDRA EN CONTACTO CONTIGO LO ANTES POSIBLE<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4d7fea elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d4d7fea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"mailto:consultas@srcsl.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">ENVIAR CONSULTA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQU\u00c9 ES UN TERMOPAR? Los termopares consisten en dos hilos met\u00e1licos de diferentes materiales, unidos en un extremo. Esta uni\u00f3n constituye el punto de medici\u00f3n (junta caliente, hot junction). El otro extremo se llama junta fr\u00eda (cold junction). El calentamiento de la junta de medici\u00f3n provoca una tensi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica, aproximadamente proporcional a la temperatura. (Efecto [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[196,64,194,193,54,195],"class_list":["post-1148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias","tag-sensorica-industrial","tag-termometria","tag-termopar-bayoneta","tag-termopar-encamisado","tag-termopares","tag-thermocouple"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - 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